<h2><SPAN name="chap02"></SPAN>II.<br/>THE RED-HEADED LEAGUE</h2>
<p class="pfirst"> <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 1.50em">I</span> had
called upon my friend, Mr. Sherlock Holmes, one day in the autumn of last year
and found him in deep conversation with a very stout, florid-faced, elderly
gentleman with fiery red hair. With an apology for my intrusion, I was about to
withdraw when Holmes pulled me abruptly into the room and closed the door
behind me.</p>
<p>“You could not possibly have come at a better time, my dear
Watson,” he said cordially.</p>
<p>“I was afraid that you were engaged.”</p>
<p>“So I am. Very much so.”</p>
<p>“Then I can wait in the next room.”</p>
<p>“Not at all. This gentleman, Mr. Wilson, has been my partner and helper
in many of my most successful cases, and I have no doubt that he will be of the
utmost use to me in yours also.”</p>
<p>The stout gentleman half rose from his chair and gave a bob of greeting, with a
quick little questioning glance from his small fat-encircled eyes.</p>
<p>“Try the settee,” said Holmes, relapsing into his armchair and
putting his fingertips together, as was his custom when in judicial moods.
“I know, my dear Watson, that you share my love of all that is bizarre
and outside the conventions and humdrum routine of everyday life. You have
shown your relish for it by the enthusiasm which has prompted you to chronicle,
and, if you will excuse my saying so, somewhat to embellish so many of my own
little adventures.”</p>
<p>“Your cases have indeed been of the greatest interest to me,” I
observed.</p>
<p>“You will remember that I remarked the other day, just before we went
into the very simple problem presented by Miss Mary Sutherland, that for
strange effects and extraordinary combinations we must go to life itself, which
is always far more daring than any effort of the imagination.”</p>
<p>“A proposition which I took the liberty of doubting.”</p>
<p>“You did, Doctor, but none the less you must come round to my view, for
otherwise I shall keep on piling fact upon fact on you until your reason breaks
down under them and acknowledges me to be right. Now, Mr. Jabez Wilson here has
been good enough to call upon me this morning, and to begin a narrative which
promises to be one of the most singular which I have listened to for some time.
You have heard me remark that the strangest and most unique things are very
often connected not with the larger but with the smaller crimes, and
occasionally, indeed, where there is room for doubt whether any positive crime
has been committed. As far as I have heard, it is impossible for me to say
whether the present case is an instance of crime or not, but the course of
events is certainly among the most singular that I have ever listened to.
Perhaps, Mr. Wilson, you would have the great kindness to recommence your
narrative. I ask you not merely because my friend Dr. Watson has not heard the
opening part but also because the peculiar nature of the story makes me anxious
to have every possible detail from your lips. As a rule, when I have heard some
slight indication of the course of events, I am able to guide myself by the
thousands of other similar cases which occur to my memory. In the present
instance I am forced to admit that the facts are, to the best of my belief,
unique.”</p>
<p>The portly client puffed out his chest with an appearance of some little pride
and pulled a dirty and wrinkled newspaper from the inside pocket of his
greatcoat. As he glanced down the advertisement column, with his head thrust
forward and the paper flattened out upon his knee, I took a good look at the
man and endeavoured, after the fashion of my companion, to read the indications
which might be presented by his dress or appearance.</p>
<p>I did not gain very much, however, by my inspection. Our visitor bore every
mark of being an average commonplace British tradesman, obese, pompous, and
slow. He wore rather baggy grey shepherd’s check trousers, a not
over-clean black frock-coat, unbuttoned in the front, and a drab waistcoat with
a heavy brassy Albert chain, and a square pierced bit of metal dangling down as
an ornament. A frayed top-hat and a faded brown overcoat with a wrinkled velvet
collar lay upon a chair beside him. Altogether, look as I would, there was
nothing remarkable about the man save his blazing red head, and the expression
of extreme chagrin and discontent upon his features.</p>
<p>Sherlock Holmes’ quick eye took in my occupation, and he shook his head
with a smile as he noticed my questioning glances. “Beyond the obvious
facts that he has at some time done manual labour, that he takes snuff, that he
is a Freemason, that he has been in China, and that he has done a considerable
amount of writing lately, I can deduce nothing else.”</p>
<p>Mr. Jabez Wilson started up in his chair, with his forefinger upon the paper,
but his eyes upon my companion.</p>
<p>“How, in the name of good-fortune, did you know all that, Mr.
Holmes?” he asked. “How did you know, for example, that I did
manual labour. It’s as true as gospel, for I began as a ship’s
carpenter.”</p>
<p>“Your hands, my dear sir. Your right hand is quite a size larger than
your left. You have worked with it, and the muscles are more developed.”</p>
<p>“Well, the snuff, then, and the Freemasonry?”</p>
<p>“I won’t insult your intelligence by telling you how I read that,
especially as, rather against the strict rules of your order, you use an
arc-and-compass breastpin.”</p>
<p>“Ah, of course, I forgot that. But the writing?”</p>
<p>“What else can be indicated by that right cuff so very shiny for five
inches, and the left one with the smooth patch near the elbow where you rest it
upon the desk?”</p>
<p>“Well, but China?”</p>
<p>“The fish that you have tattooed immediately above your right wrist could
only have been done in China. I have made a small study of tattoo marks and
have even contributed to the literature of the subject. That trick of staining
the fishes’ scales of a delicate pink is quite peculiar to China. When,
in addition, I see a Chinese coin hanging from your watch-chain, the matter
becomes even more simple.”</p>
<p>Mr. Jabez Wilson laughed heavily. “Well, I never!” said he.
“I thought at first that you had done something clever, but I see that
there was nothing in it after all.”</p>
<p>“I begin to think, Watson,” said Holmes, “that I make a
mistake in explaining. ‘<i>Omne ignotum pro magnifico</i>,’ you
know, and my poor little reputation, such as it is, will suffer shipwreck if I
am so candid. Can you not find the advertisement, Mr. Wilson?”</p>
<p>“Yes, I have got it now,” he answered with his thick red finger
planted halfway down the column. “Here it is. This is what began it all.
You just read it for yourself, sir.”</p>
<p>I took the paper from him and read as follows:</p>
<p class="letter">
“TO THE RED-HEADED LEAGUE: On account of the bequest of the late Ezekiah
Hopkins, of Lebanon, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., there is now another vacancy open
which entitles a member of the League to a salary of £ 4 a week for purely
nominal services. All red-headed men who are sound in body and mind and above
the age of twenty-one years, are eligible. Apply in person on Monday, at eleven
o’clock, to Duncan Ross, at the offices of the League, 7 Pope’s
Court, Fleet Street.”</p>
<p>“What on earth does this mean?” I ejaculated after I had twice read
over the extraordinary announcement.</p>
<p>Holmes chuckled and wriggled in his chair, as was his habit when in high
spirits. “It is a little off the beaten track, isn’t it?”
said he. “And now, Mr. Wilson, off you go at scratch and tell us all
about yourself, your household, and the effect which this advertisement had
upon your fortunes. You will first make a note, Doctor, of the paper and the
date.”</p>
<p>“It is <i>The Morning Chronicle</i> of April 27, 1890. Just two months
ago.”</p>
<p>“Very good. Now, Mr. Wilson?”</p>
<p>“Well, it is just as I have been telling you, Mr. Sherlock Holmes,”
said Jabez Wilson, mopping his forehead; “I have a small
pawnbroker’s business at Coburg Square, near the City. It’s not a
very large affair, and of late years it has not done more than just give me a
living. I used to be able to keep two assistants, but now I only keep one; and
I would have a job to pay him but that he is willing to come for half wages so
as to learn the business.”</p>
<p>“What is the name of this obliging youth?” asked Sherlock Holmes.</p>
<p>“His name is Vincent Spaulding, and he’s not such a youth, either.
It’s hard to say his age. I should not wish a smarter assistant, Mr.
Holmes; and I know very well that he could better himself and earn twice what I
am able to give him. But, after all, if he is satisfied, why should I put ideas
in his head?”</p>
<p>“Why, indeed? You seem most fortunate in having an <i>employé</i> who
comes under the full market price. It is not a common experience among
employers in this age. I don’t know that your assistant is not as
remarkable as your advertisement.”</p>
<p>“Oh, he has his faults, too,” said Mr. Wilson. “Never was
such a fellow for photography. Snapping away with a camera when he ought to be
improving his mind, and then diving down into the cellar like a rabbit into its
hole to develop his pictures. That is his main fault, but on the whole
he’s a good worker. There’s no vice in him.”</p>
<p>“He is still with you, I presume?”</p>
<p>“Yes, sir. He and a girl of fourteen, who does a bit of simple cooking
and keeps the place clean—that’s all I have in the house, for I am
a widower and never had any family. We live very quietly, sir, the three of us;
and we keep a roof over our heads and pay our debts, if we do nothing more.</p>
<p>“The first thing that put us out was that advertisement. Spaulding, he
came down into the office just this day eight weeks, with this very paper in
his hand, and he says:</p>
<p>“‘I wish to the Lord, Mr. Wilson, that I was a red-headed
man.’</p>
<p>“‘Why that?’ I asks.</p>
<p>“‘Why,’ says he, ‘here’s another vacancy on
the League of the Red-headed Men. It’s worth quite a little fortune to
any man who gets it, and I understand that there are more vacancies than there
are men, so that the trustees are at their wits’ end what to do with the
money. If my hair would only change colour, here’s a nice little crib all
ready for me to step into.’</p>
<p>“‘Why, what is it, then?’ I asked. You see, Mr. Holmes,
I am a very stay-at-home man, and as my business came to me instead of my
having to go to it, I was often weeks on end without putting my foot over the
door-mat. In that way I didn’t know much of what was going on outside,
and I was always glad of a bit of news.</p>
<p>“‘Have you never heard of the League of the Red-headed
Men?’ he asked with his eyes open.</p>
<p>“‘Never.’</p>
<p>“‘Why, I wonder at that, for you are eligible yourself for
one of the vacancies.’</p>
<p>“‘And what are they worth?’ I asked.</p>
<p>“‘Oh, merely a couple of hundred a year, but the work is
slight, and it need not interfere very much with one’s other
occupations.’</p>
<p>“Well, you can easily think that that made me prick up my ears, for the
business has not been over good for some years, and an extra couple of hundred
would have been very handy.</p>
<p>“‘Tell me all about it,’ said I.</p>
<p>“‘Well,’ said he, showing me the advertisement,
‘you can see for yourself that the League has a vacancy, and there is the
address where you should apply for particulars. As far as I can make out, the
League was founded by an American millionaire, Ezekiah Hopkins, who was very
peculiar in his ways. He was himself red-headed, and he had a great sympathy
for all red-headed men; so, when he died, it was found that he had left his
enormous fortune in the hands of trustees, with instructions to apply the
interest to the providing of easy berths to men whose hair is of that colour.
From all I hear it is splendid pay and very little to do.’</p>
<p>“‘But,’ said I, ‘there would be millions of
red-headed men who would apply.’</p>
<p>“‘Not so many as you might think,’ he answered.
‘You see it is really confined to Londoners, and to grown men. This
American had started from London when he was young, and he wanted to do the old
town a good turn. Then, again, I have heard it is no use your applying if your
hair is light red, or dark red, or anything but real bright, blazing, fiery
red. Now, if you cared to apply, Mr. Wilson, you would just walk in; but
perhaps it would hardly be worth your while to put yourself out of the way for
the sake of a few hundred pounds.’</p>
<p>“Now, it is a fact, gentlemen, as you may see for yourselves, that my
hair is of a very full and rich tint, so that it seemed to me that if there was
to be any competition in the matter I stood as good a chance as any man that I
had ever met. Vincent Spaulding seemed to know so much about it that I thought
he might prove useful, so I just ordered him to put up the shutters for the day
and to come right away with me. He was very willing to have a holiday, so we
shut the business up and started off for the address that was given us in the
advertisement.</p>
<p>“I never hope to see such a sight as that again, Mr. Holmes. From north,
south, east, and west every man who had a shade of red in his hair had tramped
into the city to answer the advertisement. Fleet Street was choked with
red-headed folk, and Pope’s Court looked like a coster’s orange
barrow. I should not have thought there were so many in the whole country as
were brought together by that single advertisement. Every shade of colour they
were—straw, lemon, orange, brick, Irish-setter, liver, clay; but, as
Spaulding said, there were not many who had the real vivid flame-coloured tint.
When I saw how many were waiting, I would have given it up in despair; but
Spaulding would not hear of it. How he did it I could not imagine, but he
pushed and pulled and butted until he got me through the crowd, and right up to
the steps which led to the office. There was a double stream upon the stair,
some going up in hope, and some coming back dejected; but we wedged in as well
as we could and soon found ourselves in the office.”</p>
<p>“Your experience has been a most entertaining one,” remarked Holmes
as his client paused and refreshed his memory with a huge pinch of snuff.
“Pray continue your very interesting statement.”</p>
<p>“There was nothing in the office but a couple of wooden chairs and a deal
table, behind which sat a small man with a head that was even redder than mine.
He said a few words to each candidate as he came up, and then he always managed
to find some fault in them which would disqualify them. Getting a vacancy did
not seem to be such a very easy matter, after all. However, when our turn came
the little man was much more favourable to me than to any of the others, and he
closed the door as we entered, so that he might have a private word with us.</p>
<p>“‘This is Mr. Jabez Wilson,’ said my assistant,
‘and he is willing to fill a vacancy in the League.’</p>
<p>“‘And he is admirably suited for it,’ the other
answered. ‘He has every requirement. I cannot recall when I have seen
anything so fine.’ He took a step backward, cocked his head on one side,
and gazed at my hair until I felt quite bashful. Then suddenly he plunged
forward, wrung my hand, and congratulated me warmly on my success.</p>
<p>“‘It would be injustice to hesitate,’ said he.
‘You will, however, I am sure, excuse me for taking an obvious
precaution.’ With that he seized my hair in both his hands, and tugged
until I yelled with the pain. ‘There is water in your eyes,’ said
he as he released me. ‘I perceive that all is as it should be. But we
have to be careful, for we have twice been deceived by wigs and once by paint.
I could tell you tales of cobbler’s wax which would disgust you with
human nature.’ He stepped over to the window and shouted through it at
the top of his voice that the vacancy was filled. A groan of disappointment
came up from below, and the folk all trooped away in different directions until
there was not a red-head to be seen except my own and that of the manager.</p>
<p>“‘My name,’ said he, ‘is Mr. Duncan Ross, and I
am myself one of the pensioners upon the fund left by our noble benefactor. Are
you a married man, Mr. Wilson? Have you a family?’</p>
<p>“I answered that I had not.</p>
<p>“His face fell immediately.</p>
<p>“‘Dear me!’ he said gravely, ‘that is very
serious indeed! I am sorry to hear you say that. The fund was, of course, for
the propagation and spread of the red-heads as well as for their maintenance.
It is exceedingly unfortunate that you should be a bachelor.’</p>
<p>“My face lengthened at this, Mr. Holmes, for I thought that I was not to
have the vacancy after all; but after thinking it over for a few minutes he
said that it would be all right.</p>
<p>“‘In the case of another,’ said he, ‘the
objection might be fatal, but we must stretch a point in favour of a man with
such a head of hair as yours. When shall you be able to enter upon your new
duties?’</p>
<p>“‘Well, it is a little awkward, for I have a business
already,’ said I.</p>
<p>“‘Oh, never mind about that, Mr. Wilson!’ said Vincent
Spaulding. ‘I should be able to look after that for you.’</p>
<p>“‘What would be the hours?’ I asked.</p>
<p>“‘Ten to two.’</p>
<p>“Now a pawnbroker’s business is mostly done of an evening, Mr.
Holmes, especially Thursday and Friday evening, which is just before pay-day;
so it would suit me very well to earn a little in the mornings. Besides, I knew
that my assistant was a good man, and that he would see to anything that turned
up.</p>
<p>“‘That would suit me very well,’ said I. ‘And the
pay?’</p>
<p>“‘Is £ 4 a week.’</p>
<p>“‘And the work?’</p>
<p>“‘Is purely nominal.’</p>
<p>“‘What do you call purely nominal?’</p>
<p>“‘Well, you have to be in the office, or at least in the
building, the whole time. If you leave, you forfeit your whole position
forever. The will is very clear upon that point. You don’t comply with
the conditions if you budge from the office during that time.’</p>
<p>“‘It’s only four hours a day, and I should not think of
leaving,’ said I.</p>
<p>“‘No excuse will avail,’ said Mr. Duncan Ross;
‘neither sickness nor business nor anything else. There you must stay, or
you lose your billet.’</p>
<p>“‘And the work?’</p>
<p>“‘Is to copy out the <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. There is the
first volume of it in that press. You must find your own ink, pens, and
blotting-paper, but we provide this table and chair. Will you be ready
to-morrow?’</p>
<p>“‘Certainly,’ I answered.</p>
<p>“‘Then, good-bye, Mr. Jabez Wilson, and let me congratulate
you once more on the important position which you have been fortunate enough to
gain.’ He bowed me out of the room and I went home with my assistant,
hardly knowing what to say or do, I was so pleased at my own good fortune.</p>
<p>“Well, I thought over the matter all day, and by evening I was in low
spirits again; for I had quite persuaded myself that the whole affair must be
some great hoax or fraud, though what its object might be I could not imagine.
It seemed altogether past belief that anyone could make such a will, or that
they would pay such a sum for doing anything so simple as copying out the
<i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Vincent Spaulding did what he could to cheer me
up, but by bedtime I had reasoned myself out of the whole thing. However, in
the morning I determined to have a look at it anyhow, so I bought a penny
bottle of ink, and with a quill-pen, and seven sheets of foolscap paper, I
started off for Pope’s Court.</p>
<p>“Well, to my surprise and delight, everything was as right as possible.
The table was set out ready for me, and Mr. Duncan Ross was there to see that I
got fairly to work. He started me off upon the letter A, and then he left me;
but he would drop in from time to time to see that all was right with me. At
two o’clock he bade me good-day, complimented me upon the amount that I
had written, and locked the door of the office after me.</p>
<p>“This went on day after day, Mr. Holmes, and on Saturday the manager came
in and planked down four golden sovereigns for my week’s work. It was the
same next week, and the same the week after. Every morning I was there at ten,
and every afternoon I left at two. By degrees Mr. Duncan Ross took to coming in
only once of a morning, and then, after a time, he did not come in at all.
Still, of course, I never dared to leave the room for an instant, for I was not
sure when he might come, and the billet was such a good one, and suited me so
well, that I would not risk the loss of it.</p>
<p>“Eight weeks passed away like this, and I had written about Abbots and
Archery and Armour and Architecture and Attica, and hoped with diligence that I
might get on to the B’s before very long. It cost me something in
foolscap, and I had pretty nearly filled a shelf with my writings. And then
suddenly the whole business came to an end.”</p>
<p>“To an end?”</p>
<p>“Yes, sir. And no later than this morning. I went to my work as usual at
ten o’clock, but the door was shut and locked, with a little square of
cardboard hammered on to the middle of the panel with a tack. Here it is, and
you can read for yourself.”</p>
<p>He held up a piece of white cardboard about the size of a sheet of note-paper.
It read in this fashion:</p>
<p class="letter">
“THE RED-HEADED LEAGUE IS DISSOLVED. October 9, 1890.”</p>
<p>Sherlock Holmes and I surveyed this curt announcement and the rueful face
behind it, until the comical side of the affair so completely overtopped every
other consideration that we both burst out into a roar of laughter.</p>
<p>“I cannot see that there is anything very funny,” cried our client,
flushing up to the roots of his flaming head. “If you can do nothing
better than laugh at me, I can go elsewhere.”</p>
<p>“No, no,” cried Holmes, shoving him back into the chair from which
he had half risen. “I really wouldn’t miss your case for the world.
It is most refreshingly unusual. But there is, if you will excuse my saying so,
something just a little funny about it. Pray what steps did you take when you
found the card upon the door?”</p>
<p>“I was staggered, sir. I did not know what to do. Then I called at the
offices round, but none of them seemed to know anything about it. Finally, I
went to the landlord, who is an accountant living on the ground floor, and I
asked him if he could tell me what had become of the Red-headed League. He said
that he had never heard of any such body. Then I asked him who Mr. Duncan Ross
was. He answered that the name was new to him.</p>
<p>“‘Well,’ said I, ‘the gentleman at No. 4.’</p>
<p>“‘What, the red-headed man?’</p>
<p>“‘Yes.’</p>
<p>“‘Oh,’ said he, ‘his name was William Morris. He
was a solicitor and was using my room as a temporary convenience until his new
premises were ready. He moved out yesterday.’</p>
<p>“‘Where could I find him?’</p>
<p>“‘Oh, at his new offices. He did tell me the address. Yes, 17
King Edward Street, near St. Paul’s.’</p>
<p>“I started off, Mr. Holmes, but when I got to that address it was a
manufactory of artificial knee-caps, and no one in it had ever heard of either
Mr. William Morris or Mr. Duncan Ross.”</p>
<p>“And what did you do then?” asked Holmes.</p>
<p>“I went home to Saxe-Coburg Square, and I took the advice of my
assistant. But he could not help me in any way. He could only say that if I
waited I should hear by post. But that was not quite good enough, Mr. Holmes. I
did not wish to lose such a place without a struggle, so, as I had heard that
you were good enough to give advice to poor folk who were in need of it, I came
right away to you.”</p>
<p>“And you did very wisely,” said Holmes. “Your case is an
exceedingly remarkable one, and I shall be happy to look into it. From what you
have told me I think that it is possible that graver issues hang from it than
might at first sight appear.”</p>
<p>“Grave enough!” said Mr. Jabez Wilson. “Why, I have lost four
pound a week.”</p>
<p>“As far as you are personally concerned,” remarked Holmes, “I
do not see that you have any grievance against this extraordinary league. On
the contrary, you are, as I understand, richer by some £ 30, to say nothing of
the minute knowledge which you have gained on every subject which comes under
the letter A. You have lost nothing by them.”</p>
<p>“No, sir. But I want to find out about them, and who they are, and what
their object was in playing this prank—if it was a prank—upon me.
It was a pretty expensive joke for them, for it cost them two and thirty
pounds.”</p>
<p>“We shall endeavour to clear up these points for you. And, first, one or
two questions, Mr. Wilson. This assistant of yours who first called your
attention to the advertisement—how long had he been with you?”</p>
<p>“About a month then.”</p>
<p>“How did he come?”</p>
<p>“In answer to an advertisement.”</p>
<p>“Was he the only applicant?”</p>
<p>“No, I had a dozen.”</p>
<p>“Why did you pick him?”</p>
<p>“Because he was handy and would come cheap.”</p>
<p>“At half wages, in fact.”</p>
<p>“Yes.”</p>
<p>“What is he like, this Vincent Spaulding?”</p>
<p>“Small, stout-built, very quick in his ways, no hair on his face, though
he’s not short of thirty. Has a white splash of acid upon his
forehead.”</p>
<p>Holmes sat up in his chair in considerable excitement. “I thought as
much,” said he. “Have you ever observed that his ears are pierced
for earrings?”</p>
<p>“Yes, sir. He told me that a gipsy had done it for him when he was a
lad.”</p>
<p>“Hum!” said Holmes, sinking back in deep thought. “He is
still with you?”</p>
<p>“Oh, yes, sir; I have only just left him.”</p>
<p>“And has your business been attended to in your absence?”</p>
<p>“Nothing to complain of, sir. There’s never very much to do of a
morning.”</p>
<p>“That will do, Mr. Wilson. I shall be happy to give you an opinion upon
the subject in the course of a day or two. To-day is Saturday, and I hope that
by Monday we may come to a conclusion.”</p>
<p>“Well, Watson,” said Holmes when our visitor had left us,
“what do you make of it all?”</p>
<p>“I make nothing of it,” I answered frankly. “It is a most
mysterious business.”</p>
<p>“As a rule,” said Holmes, “the more bizarre a thing is the
less mysterious it proves to be. It is your commonplace, featureless crimes
which are really puzzling, just as a commonplace face is the most difficult to
identify. But I must be prompt over this matter.”</p>
<p>“What are you going to do, then?” I asked.</p>
<p>“To smoke,” he answered. “It is quite a three pipe problem,
and I beg that you won’t speak to me for fifty minutes.” He curled
himself up in his chair, with his thin knees drawn up to his hawk-like nose,
and there he sat with his eyes closed and his black clay pipe thrusting out
like the bill of some strange bird. I had come to the conclusion that he had
dropped asleep, and indeed was nodding myself, when he suddenly sprang out of
his chair with the gesture of a man who has made up his mind and put his pipe
down upon the mantelpiece.</p>
<p>“Sarasate plays at the St. James’s Hall this afternoon,” he
remarked. “What do you think, Watson? Could your patients spare you for a
few hours?”</p>
<p>“I have nothing to do to-day. My practice is never very absorbing.”</p>
<p>“Then put on your hat and come. I am going through the City first, and we
can have some lunch on the way. I observe that there is a good deal of German
music on the programme, which is rather more to my taste than Italian or
French. It is introspective, and I want to introspect. Come along!”</p>
<p>We travelled by the Underground as far as Aldersgate; and a short walk took us
to Saxe-Coburg Square, the scene of the singular story which we had listened to
in the morning. It was a poky, little, shabby-genteel place, where four lines
of dingy two-storied brick houses looked out into a small railed-in enclosure,
where a lawn of weedy grass and a few clumps of faded laurel bushes made a hard
fight against a smoke-laden and uncongenial atmosphere. Three gilt balls and a
brown board with “JABEZ WILSON” in white letters, upon a corner
house, announced the place where our red-headed client carried on his business.
Sherlock Holmes stopped in front of it with his head on one side and looked it
all over, with his eyes shining brightly between puckered lids. Then he walked
slowly up the street, and then down again to the corner, still looking keenly
at the houses. Finally he returned to the pawnbroker’s, and, having
thumped vigorously upon the pavement with his stick two or three times, he went
up to the door and knocked. It was instantly opened by a bright-looking,
clean-shaven young fellow, who asked him to step in.</p>
<p>“Thank you,” said Holmes, “I only wished to ask you how you
would go from here to the Strand.”</p>
<p>“Third right, fourth left,” answered the assistant promptly,
closing the door.</p>
<p>“Smart fellow, that,” observed Holmes as we walked away. “He
is, in my judgment, the fourth smartest man in London, and for daring I am not
sure that he has not a claim to be third. I have known something of him
before.”</p>
<p>“Evidently,” said I, “Mr. Wilson’s assistant counts for
a good deal in this mystery of the Red-headed League. I am sure that you
inquired your way merely in order that you might see him.”</p>
<p>“Not him.”</p>
<p>“What then?”</p>
<p>“The knees of his trousers.”</p>
<p>“And what did you see?”</p>
<p>“What I expected to see.”</p>
<p>“Why did you beat the pavement?”</p>
<p>“My dear doctor, this is a time for observation, not for talk. We are
spies in an enemy’s country. We know something of Saxe-Coburg Square. Let
us now explore the parts which lie behind it.”</p>
<p>The road in which we found ourselves as we turned round the corner from the
retired Saxe-Coburg Square presented as great a contrast to it as the front of
a picture does to the back. It was one of the main arteries which conveyed the
traffic of the City to the north and west. The roadway was blocked with the
immense stream of commerce flowing in a double tide inward and outward, while
the footpaths were black with the hurrying swarm of pedestrians. It was
difficult to realise as we looked at the line of fine shops and stately
business premises that they really abutted on the other side upon the faded and
stagnant square which we had just quitted.</p>
<p>“Let me see,” said Holmes, standing at the corner and glancing
along the line, “I should like just to remember the order of the houses
here. It is a hobby of mine to have an exact knowledge of London. There is
Mortimer’s, the tobacconist, the little newspaper shop, the Coburg branch
of the City and Suburban Bank, the Vegetarian Restaurant, and McFarlane’s
carriage-building depot. That carries us right on to the other block. And now,
Doctor, we’ve done our work, so it’s time we had some play. A
sandwich and a cup of coffee, and then off to violin-land, where all is
sweetness and delicacy and harmony, and there are no red-headed clients to vex
us with their conundrums.”</p>
<p>My friend was an enthusiastic musician, being himself not only a very capable
performer but a composer of no ordinary merit. All the afternoon he sat in the
stalls wrapped in the most perfect happiness, gently waving his long, thin
fingers in time to the music, while his gently smiling face and his languid,
dreamy eyes were as unlike those of Holmes the sleuth-hound, Holmes the
relentless, keen-witted, ready-handed criminal agent, as it was possible to
conceive. In his singular character the dual nature alternately asserted
itself, and his extreme exactness and astuteness represented, as I have often
thought, the reaction against the poetic and contemplative mood which
occasionally predominated in him. The swing of his nature took him from extreme
languor to devouring energy; and, as I knew well, he was never so truly
formidable as when, for days on end, he had been lounging in his armchair amid
his improvisations and his black-letter editions. Then it was that the lust of
the chase would suddenly come upon him, and that his brilliant reasoning power
would rise to the level of intuition, until those who were unacquainted with
his methods would look askance at him as on a man whose knowledge was not that
of other mortals. When I saw him that afternoon so enwrapped in the music at
St. James’s Hall I felt that an evil time might be coming upon those whom
he had set himself to hunt down.</p>
<p>“You want to go home, no doubt, Doctor,” he remarked as we emerged.</p>
<p>“Yes, it would be as well.”</p>
<p>“And I have some business to do which will take some hours. This business
at Coburg Square is serious.”</p>
<p>“Why serious?”</p>
<p>“A considerable crime is in contemplation. I have every reason to believe
that we shall be in time to stop it. But to-day being Saturday rather
complicates matters. I shall want your help to-night.”</p>
<p>“At what time?”</p>
<p>“Ten will be early enough.”</p>
<p>“I shall be at Baker Street at ten.”</p>
<p>“Very well. And, I say, Doctor, there may be some little danger, so
kindly put your army revolver in your pocket.” He waved his hand, turned
on his heel, and disappeared in an instant among the crowd.</p>
<p>I trust that I am not more dense than my neighbours, but I was always oppressed
with a sense of my own stupidity in my dealings with Sherlock Holmes. Here I
had heard what he had heard, I had seen what he had seen, and yet from his
words it was evident that he saw clearly not only what had happened but what
was about to happen, while to me the whole business was still confused and
grotesque. As I drove home to my house in Kensington I thought over it all,
from the extraordinary story of the red-headed copier of the
<i>Encyclopædia</i> down to the visit to Saxe-Coburg Square, and the ominous
words with which he had parted from me. What was this nocturnal expedition, and
why should I go armed? Where were we going, and what were we to do? I had the
hint from Holmes that this smooth-faced pawnbroker’s assistant was a
formidable man—a man who might play a deep game. I tried to puzzle it
out, but gave it up in despair and set the matter aside until night should
bring an explanation.</p>
<p>It was a quarter-past nine when I started from home and made my way across the
Park, and so through Oxford Street to Baker Street. Two hansoms were standing
at the door, and as I entered the passage I heard the sound of voices from
above. On entering his room, I found Holmes in animated conversation with two
men, one of whom I recognised as Peter Jones, the official police agent, while
the other was a long, thin, sad-faced man, with a very shiny hat and
oppressively respectable frock-coat.</p>
<p>“Ha! Our party is complete,” said Holmes, buttoning up his
pea-jacket and taking his heavy hunting crop from the rack. “Watson, I
think you know Mr. Jones, of Scotland Yard? Let me introduce you to Mr.
Merryweather, who is to be our companion in to-night’s adventure.”</p>
<p>“We’re hunting in couples again, Doctor, you see,” said Jones
in his consequential way. “Our friend here is a wonderful man for
starting a chase. All he wants is an old dog to help him to do the running
down.”</p>
<p>“I hope a wild goose may not prove to be the end of our chase,”
observed Mr. Merryweather gloomily.</p>
<p>“You may place considerable confidence in Mr. Holmes, sir,” said
the police agent loftily. “He has his own little methods, which are, if
he won’t mind my saying so, just a little too theoretical and fantastic,
but he has the makings of a detective in him. It is not too much to say that
once or twice, as in that business of the Sholto murder and the Agra treasure,
he has been more nearly correct than the official force.”</p>
<p>“Oh, if you say so, Mr. Jones, it is all right,” said the stranger
with deference. “Still, I confess that I miss my rubber. It is the first
Saturday night for seven-and-twenty years that I have not had my rubber.”</p>
<p>“I think you will find,” said Sherlock Holmes, “that you will
play for a higher stake to-night than you have ever done yet, and that the play
will be more exciting. For you, Mr. Merryweather, the stake will be some £
30,000; and for you, Jones, it will be the man upon whom you wish to lay your
hands.”</p>
<p>“John Clay, the murderer, thief, smasher, and forger. He’s a young
man, Mr. Merryweather, but he is at the head of his profession, and I would
rather have my bracelets on him than on any criminal in London. He’s a
remarkable man, is young John Clay. His grandfather was a royal duke, and he
himself has been to Eton and Oxford. His brain is as cunning as his fingers,
and though we meet signs of him at every turn, we never know where to find the
man himself. He’ll crack a crib in Scotland one week, and be raising
money to build an orphanage in Cornwall the next. I’ve been on his track
for years and have never set eyes on him yet.”</p>
<p>“I hope that I may have the pleasure of introducing you to-night.
I’ve had one or two little turns also with Mr. John Clay, and I agree
with you that he is at the head of his profession. It is past ten, however, and
quite time that we started. If you two will take the first hansom, Watson and I
will follow in the second.”</p>
<p>Sherlock Holmes was not very communicative during the long drive and lay back
in the cab humming the tunes which he had heard in the afternoon. We rattled
through an endless labyrinth of gas-lit streets until we emerged into
Farrington Street.</p>
<p>“We are close there now,” my friend remarked. “This fellow
Merryweather is a bank director, and personally interested in the matter. I
thought it as well to have Jones with us also. He is not a bad fellow, though
an absolute imbecile in his profession. He has one positive virtue. He is as
brave as a bulldog and as tenacious as a lobster if he gets his claws upon
anyone. Here we are, and they are waiting for us.”</p>
<p>We had reached the same crowded thoroughfare in which we had found ourselves in
the morning. Our cabs were dismissed, and, following the guidance of Mr.
Merryweather, we passed down a narrow passage and through a side door, which he
opened for us. Within there was a small corridor, which ended in a very massive
iron gate. This also was opened, and led down a flight of winding stone steps,
which terminated at another formidable gate. Mr. Merryweather stopped to light
a lantern, and then conducted us down a dark, earth-smelling passage, and so,
after opening a third door, into a huge vault or cellar, which was piled all
round with crates and massive boxes.</p>
<p>“You are not very vulnerable from above,” Holmes remarked as he
held up the lantern and gazed about him.</p>
<p>“Nor from below,” said Mr. Merryweather, striking his stick upon
the flags which lined the floor. “Why, dear me, it sounds quite
hollow!” he remarked, looking up in surprise.</p>
<p>“I must really ask you to be a little more quiet!” said Holmes
severely. “You have already imperilled the whole success of our
expedition. Might I beg that you would have the goodness to sit down upon one
of those boxes, and not to interfere?”</p>
<p>The solemn Mr. Merryweather perched himself upon a crate, with a very injured
expression upon his face, while Holmes fell upon his knees upon the floor and,
with the lantern and a magnifying lens, began to examine minutely the cracks
between the stones. A few seconds sufficed to satisfy him, for he sprang to his
feet again and put his glass in his pocket.</p>
<p>“We have at least an hour before us,” he remarked, “for they
can hardly take any steps until the good pawnbroker is safely in bed. Then they
will not lose a minute, for the sooner they do their work the longer time they
will have for their escape. We are at present, Doctor—as no doubt you
have divined—in the cellar of the City branch of one of the principal
London banks. Mr. Merryweather is the chairman of directors, and he will
explain to you that there are reasons why the more daring criminals of London
should take a considerable interest in this cellar at present.”</p>
<p>“It is our French gold,” whispered the director. “We have had
several warnings that an attempt might be made upon it.”</p>
<p>“Your French gold?”</p>
<p>“Yes. We had occasion some months ago to strengthen our resources and
borrowed for that purpose 30,000 napoleons from the Bank of France. It has
become known that we have never had occasion to unpack the money, and that it
is still lying in our cellar. The crate upon which I sit contains 2,000
napoleons packed between layers of lead foil. Our reserve of bullion is much
larger at present than is usually kept in a single branch office, and the
directors have had misgivings upon the subject.”</p>
<p>“Which were very well justified,” observed Holmes. “And now
it is time that we arranged our little plans. I expect that within an hour
matters will come to a head. In the meantime Mr. Merryweather, we must put the
screen over that dark lantern.”</p>
<p>“And sit in the dark?”</p>
<p>“I am afraid so. I had brought a pack of cards in my pocket, and I
thought that, as we were a <i>partie carrée</i>, you might have your rubber
after all. But I see that the enemy’s preparations have gone so far that
we cannot risk the presence of a light. And, first of all, we must choose our
positions. These are daring men, and though we shall take them at a
disadvantage, they may do us some harm unless we are careful. I shall stand
behind this crate, and do you conceal yourselves behind those. Then, when I
flash a light upon them, close in swiftly. If they fire, Watson, have no
compunction about shooting them down.”</p>
<p>I placed my revolver, cocked, upon the top of the wooden case behind which I
crouched. Holmes shot the slide across the front of his lantern and left us in
pitch darkness—such an absolute darkness as I have never before
experienced. The smell of hot metal remained to assure us that the light was
still there, ready to flash out at a moment’s notice. To me, with my
nerves worked up to a pitch of expectancy, there was something depressing and
subduing in the sudden gloom, and in the cold dank air of the vault.</p>
<p>“They have but one retreat,” whispered Holmes. “That is back
through the house into Saxe-Coburg Square. I hope that you have done what I
asked you, Jones?”</p>
<p>“I have an inspector and two officers waiting at the front door.”</p>
<p>“Then we have stopped all the holes. And now we must be silent and
wait.”</p>
<p>What a time it seemed! From comparing notes afterwards it was but an hour and a
quarter, yet it appeared to me that the night must have almost gone, and the
dawn be breaking above us. My limbs were weary and stiff, for I feared to
change my position; yet my nerves were worked up to the highest pitch of
tension, and my hearing was so acute that I could not only hear the gentle
breathing of my companions, but I could distinguish the deeper, heavier
in-breath of the bulky Jones from the thin, sighing note of the bank director.
From my position I could look over the case in the direction of the floor.
Suddenly my eyes caught the glint of a light.</p>
<p>At first it was but a lurid spark upon the stone pavement. Then it lengthened
out until it became a yellow line, and then, without any warning or sound, a
gash seemed to open and a hand appeared, a white, almost womanly hand, which
felt about in the centre of the little area of light. For a minute or more the
hand, with its writhing fingers, protruded out of the floor. Then it was
withdrawn as suddenly as it appeared, and all was dark again save the single
lurid spark which marked a chink between the stones.</p>
<p>Its disappearance, however, was but momentary. With a rending, tearing sound,
one of the broad, white stones turned over upon its side and left a square,
gaping hole, through which streamed the light of a lantern. Over the edge there
peeped a clean-cut, boyish face, which looked keenly about it, and then, with a
hand on either side of the aperture, drew itself shoulder-high and waist-high,
until one knee rested upon the edge. In another instant he stood at the side of
the hole and was hauling after him a companion, lithe and small like himself,
with a pale face and a shock of very red hair.</p>
<p>“It’s all clear,” he whispered. “Have you the chisel
and the bags? Great Scott! Jump, Archie, jump, and I’ll swing for
it!”</p>
<p>Sherlock Holmes had sprung out and seized the intruder by the collar. The other
dived down the hole, and I heard the sound of rending cloth as Jones clutched
at his skirts. The light flashed upon the barrel of a revolver, but
Holmes’ hunting crop came down on the man’s wrist, and the pistol
clinked upon the stone floor.</p>
<p>“It’s no use, John Clay,” said Holmes blandly. “You
have no chance at all.”</p>
<p>“So I see,” the other answered with the utmost coolness. “I
fancy that my pal is all right, though I see you have got his
coat-tails.”</p>
<p>“There are three men waiting for him at the door,” said Holmes.</p>
<p>“Oh, indeed! You seem to have done the thing very completely. I must
compliment you.”</p>
<p>“And I you,” Holmes answered. “Your red-headed idea was very
new and effective.”</p>
<p>“You’ll see your pal again presently,” said Jones.
“He’s quicker at climbing down holes than I am. Just hold out while
I fix the derbies.”</p>
<p>“I beg that you will not touch me with your filthy hands,” remarked
our prisoner as the handcuffs clattered upon his wrists. “You may not be
aware that I have royal blood in my veins. Have the goodness, also, when you
address me always to say ‘sir’ and
‘please.’”</p>
<p>“All right,” said Jones with a stare and a snigger. “Well,
would you please, sir, march upstairs, where we can get a cab to carry your
Highness to the police-station?”</p>
<p>“That is better,” said John Clay serenely. He made a sweeping bow
to the three of us and walked quietly off in the custody of the detective.</p>
<p>“Really, Mr. Holmes,” said Mr. Merryweather as we followed them
from the cellar, “I do not know how the bank can thank you or repay you.
There is no doubt that you have detected and defeated in the most complete
manner one of the most determined attempts at bank robbery that have ever come
within my experience.”</p>
<p>“I have had one or two little scores of my own to settle with Mr. John
Clay,” said Holmes. “I have been at some small expense over this
matter, which I shall expect the bank to refund, but beyond that I am amply
repaid by having had an experience which is in many ways unique, and by hearing
the very remarkable narrative of the Red-headed League.”</p>
<p class="p2">
“You see, Watson,” he explained in the early hours of the morning
as we sat over a glass of whisky and soda in Baker Street, “it was
perfectly obvious from the first that the only possible object of this rather
fantastic business of the advertisement of the League, and the copying of the
<i>Encyclopædia</i>, must be to get this not over-bright pawnbroker out of the
way for a number of hours every day. It was a curious way of managing it, but,
really, it would be difficult to suggest a better. The method was no doubt
suggested to Clay’s ingenious mind by the colour of his
accomplice’s hair. The £ 4 a week was a lure which must draw him, and
what was it to them, who were playing for thousands? They put in the
advertisement, one rogue has the temporary office, the other rogue incites the
man to apply for it, and together they manage to secure his absence every
morning in the week. From the time that I heard of the assistant having come
for half wages, it was obvious to me that he had some strong motive for
securing the situation.”</p>
<p>“But how could you guess what the motive was?”</p>
<p>“Had there been women in the house, I should have suspected a mere vulgar
intrigue. That, however, was out of the question. The man’s business was
a small one, and there was nothing in his house which could account for such
elaborate preparations, and such an expenditure as they were at. It must, then,
be something out of the house. What could it be? I thought of the
assistant’s fondness for photography, and his trick of vanishing into the
cellar. The cellar! There was the end of this tangled clue. Then I made
inquiries as to this mysterious assistant and found that I had to deal with one
of the coolest and most daring criminals in London. He was doing something in
the cellar—something which took many hours a day for months on end. What
could it be, once more? I could think of nothing save that he was running a
tunnel to some other building.</p>
<p>“So far I had got when we went to visit the scene of action. I surprised
you by beating upon the pavement with my stick. I was ascertaining whether the
cellar stretched out in front or behind. It was not in front. Then I rang the
bell, and, as I hoped, the assistant answered it. We have had some skirmishes,
but we had never set eyes upon each other before. I hardly looked at his face.
His knees were what I wished to see. You must yourself have remarked how worn,
wrinkled, and stained they were. They spoke of those hours of burrowing. The
only remaining point was what they were burrowing for. I walked round the
corner, saw the City and Suburban Bank abutted on our friend’s premises,
and felt that I had solved my problem. When you drove home after the concert I
called upon Scotland Yard and upon the chairman of the bank directors, with the
result that you have seen.”</p>
<p>“And how could you tell that they would make their attempt
to-night?” I asked.</p>
<p>“Well, when they closed their League offices that was a sign that they
cared no longer about Mr. Jabez Wilson’s presence—in other words,
that they had completed their tunnel. But it was essential that they should use
it soon, as it might be discovered, or the bullion might be removed. Saturday
would suit them better than any other day, as it would give them two days for
their escape. For all these reasons I expected them to come to-night.”</p>
<p>“You reasoned it out beautifully,” I exclaimed in unfeigned
admiration. “It is so long a chain, and yet every link rings true.”</p>
<p>“It saved me from ennui,” he answered, yawning. “Alas! I
already feel it closing in upon me. My life is spent in one long effort to
escape from the commonplaces of existence. These little problems help me to do
so.”</p>
<p>“And you are a benefactor of the race,” said I.</p>
<p>He shrugged his shoulders. “Well, perhaps, after all, it is of some
little use,” he remarked. “‘<i>L’homme
c’est rien—l’Ĺ“uvre c’est tout</i>,’ as Gustave
Flaubert wrote to George Sand.”</p>
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