<p><SPAN name="link2H_4_0198" id="link2H_4_0198"></SPAN></p>
<h2> LETTER CXCVI </h2>
<h3> LONDON, February 15, 1754 </h3>
<p>MY DEAR FRIEND: I can now with great truth apply your own motto to you,
'Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia'. You are sure of being, as early as
your age will permit, a member of that House; which is the only road to
figure and fortune in this country. Those, indeed, who are bred up to, and
distinguish themselves in particular professions, as the army, the navy,
and the law, may, by their own merit, raise themselves to a certain
degree; but you may observe too, that they never get to the top, without
the assistance of parliamentary talents and influence. The means of
distinguishing yourself in parliament are, as I told you in my last, much
more easily attained than I believe you imagine. Close attendance to the
business of the House will soon give you the parliamentary routine; and
strict attention to your style will soon make you, not only a speaker, but
a good one. The vulgar look upon a man, who is reckoned a fine speaker, as
a phenomenon, a supernatural being, and endowed with some peculiar gift of
heaven; they stare at him, if he walks in the Park, and cry, THAT IS HE.
You will, I am sure, view him in a juster light, and 'nulla formidine'.
You will consider him only as a man of good sense, who adorns common
thoughts with the graces of elocution, and the elegance of style. The
miracle will then cease; and you will be convinced, that with the same
application, and attention to the same objects, you may most certainly
equal, and perhaps surpass, this prodigy. Sir W——Y———-,
with not a quarter of your parts, and not a thousandth part of your
knowledge, has, by a glibness of tongue simply, raised him successively to
the best employments of the kingdom; he has been Lord of the Admiralty,
Lord of the Treasury, Secretary at War, and is now Vice-Treasurer of
Ireland; and all this with a most sullied, not to say blasted character.
Represent the thing to yourself, as it really is, easily attainable, and
you will find it so. Have but ambition enough passionately to desire the
object, and spirit enough to use the means, and I will be answerable for
your success. When I was younger than you are, I resolved within myself
that I would in all events be a speaker in parliament, and a good one too,
if I could. I consequently never lost sight of that object, and never
neglected any of the means that I thought led to it. I succeeded to a
certain degree; and, I assure you, with great ease, and without superior
talents. Young people are very apt to overrate both men and things, from
not being enough acquainted with them. In proportion as you come to know
them better, you will value them less. You will find that reason, which
always ought to direct mankind, seldom does; but that passions and
weaknesses commonly usurp its seat, and rule in its stead. You will find
that the ablest have their weak sides too, and are only comparatively
able, with regard to the still weaker herd: having fewer weaknesses
themselves, they are able to avail themselves of the innumerable ones of
the generality of mankind: being more masters of themselves, they become
more easily masters of others. They address themselves to their
weaknesses, their senses, their passions; never to their reason; and
consequently seldom fail of success. But then analyze those great, those
governing, and, as the vulgar imagine, those perfect characters, and you
will find the great Brutus a thief in Macedonia, the great Cardinal
Richelieu a jealous poetaster, and the great Duke of Marlborough a miser.
Till you come to know mankind by your own experience, I know no thing, nor
no man, that can in the meantime bring you so well acquainted with them as
le Duc de la Rochefoucault: his little book of "Maxims," which I would
advise you to look into, for some moments at least, every day of your
life, is, I fear, too like, and too exact a picture of human nature.</p>
<p>I own, it seems to degrade it; but yet my experience does not convince me
that it degrades it unjustly.</p>
<p>Now, to bring all this home to my first point. All these considerations
should not only invite you to attempt to make a figure in parliament, but
encourage you to hope that you shall succeed. To govern mankind, one must
not overrate them: and to please an audience, as a speaker, one must not
overvalue it. When I first came into the House of Commons, I respected
that assembly as a venerable one; and felt a certain awe upon me, but,
upon better acquaintance, that awe soon vanished; and I discovered, that,
of the five hundred and sixty, not above thirty could understand reason,
and that all the rest were 'peuple'; that those thirty only required plain
common sense, dressed up in good language; and that all the others only
required flowing and harmonious periods, whether they conveyed any meaning
or not; having ears to hear, but not sense enough to judge. These
considerations made me speak with little concern the first time, with less
the second, and with none at all the third. I gave myself no further
trouble about anything, except my elocution, and my style; presuming,
without much vanity, that I had common sense sufficient not to talk
nonsense. Fix these three truths strongly in your mind: First, that it is
absolutely necessary for you to speak in parliament; secondly, that it
only requires a little human attention, and no supernatural gifts; and,
thirdly, that you have all the reason in the world to think that you shall
speak well. When we meet, this shall be the principal subject of our
conversations; and, if you will follow my advice, I will answer for your
success.</p>
<p>Now from great things to little ones; the transition is to me easy,
because nothing seems little to me that can be of any use to you. I hope
you take great care of your mouth and teeth, and that you clean them well
every morning with a sponge and tepid water, with a few drops of
arquebusade water dropped into it; besides washing your mouth carefully
after every meal, I do insist upon your never using those sticks, or any
hard substance whatsoever, which always rub away the gums, and destroy the
varnish of the teeth. I speak this from woeful experience; for my
negligence of my teeth, when I was younger than you are, made them bad;
and afterward, my desire to have them look better, made me use sticks,
irons, etc., which totally destroyed them; so that I have not now above
six or seven left. I lost one this morning, which suggested this advice to
you.</p>
<p>I have received the tremendous wild boar, which your still more tremendous
arm slew in the immense deserts of the Palatinate; but have not yet tasted
of it, as it is hitherto above my low regimen. The late King of Prussia,
whenever he killed any number of wild boars, used to oblige the Jews to
buy them, at a high price, though they could eat none of them; so they
defrayed the expense of his hunting. His son has juster rules of
government, as the Code Frederick plainly shows.</p>
<p>I hope, that, by this time, you are as well 'ancre' at Berlin as you was
at Munich; but, if not, you are sure of being so at Dresden. Adieu.</p>
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